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 Medical dictionary
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Jaundice: a blood disorder caused by the abnormal buildup of bile
pigments in the bloodstream.
Jejunum: part of the small intestine.
Joint: a structure by which two bones are joined together. Normal joints
consist of a smooth layer of cartilage overlying the bone end, which allows
freedom of movement and acts as a shock absorber. Surrounding the joint is a
layer of tissue called the synovium, which secretes a thick sticky fluid
(synovial fluid) that lubricates and nourishes the cartilage. The whole
structure is surrounded by a tough, strong, capsule, and thick bands called
ligaments, which help to keep the joint stable and hold the various parts in
place.
Joint failure: osteoarthritis.
Joint hypermobility: characterised by
increased joint range; generalised joint laxity is a genetically-determined
disorder of connective tissue.
Joint - replacement surgery: (also known
as arthroplasty - meaning literally 'to refashion a joint'); a very effective
way of relieving pain and improving function in a badly damaged joint. Hip and
knee replacements have been successfully established for decades; around 50,000
total hip replacements (THR) are now performed every year. Joint replacement
operations are also being carried out on the shoulder, elbow, ankle and even
finger.
Juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA): a rare disease
affecting one in 1,000 children. In the USA it is sometimes referred to as
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It is more than the usual aches and pains in the
joints (which can be caused by strenuous exercise, stress, viral illnesses, or
even cold). Chronic arthritis may be suspected when one or other of the joints
remain inflamed for several months and no other cause can be found.
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